Article Open access Wei Li , Philippe Ciais , Thomas Gasser , Jingmeng Wang , Zhao Li , Lei Zhu , Mengjie Han , Jiaying He , Minxuan Sun , Li Liu & Xiaomeng Huang Nature Communications 16 , Article number: 468 (2025) Cite this article Metrics Abstract Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) is a key negative emission technology for climate mitigation. Some countries have made no commitment to carbon neutrality but are viewed as potential BECCS candidates (hereafter, non-CN countries). Here we analyze contributions of these countries to global climate mitigation with respect to BECCS using an Earth system model with explicit representations of bioenergy crops. Switchgrass cultivation in these non-CN countries can further remove atmospheric CO 2 by 9.1 ± 2.8 and 19.9 ± 5.2 PgC in the low-warming and overshot scenarios, resulting in an extra biogeochemical cooling effect of 0.01 ± 0.04 to 0.02 ± 0.06 °C. This cooling is largely counterbalanced by the biophysical warming, but the net effect is still an extra cooling. The non-CN countries play a more important role in the low-warming scenario than in the overshoot scenario, despite the inequality of temperature change among countries. Our study highlights the importance of a global system for climate mitigation. Introduction Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) has been widely used by integrated assessment models (IAMs) in future climate mitigation scenarios 1 , 2 . It is projected to remove 150 ~ 1200 GtCO 2 from the atmosphere by 2100 for limiting warming to 1.5 °C 3 . The net carbon-dioxide removal (CDR) capacity of BECCS is mainly determined by bioenergy crop yields 4 , cultivation area 5 , the CCS efficiency, and land-use change (LUC) carbon emissions 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 . The CDR potential of BECCS […]