Collage of the building of the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights in Arusha, Tanzania, and its sitting members (top right). I had the pleasure to present my article , published in the Journal of Human Rights Practice, at the Symposium on African Perspectives on International Climate Change Law on 29 March 2024. Climate litigation has been widespread across domestic, regional and international courts as acts of public interest litigation . With my co-author Marie Fall, we were curious to explore the prospects of the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACtHPR) as a theatre for climate litigation that would be instigated by individuals or NGOs. In this brief publication, I discuss the prospects and pitfalls of both contentious and advisory proceedings before the ACtHPR. Contentious climate proceedings before the ACtHPR Targeting one state in contentious litigation would produce a binding judgment, signal an important message to other countries on the continent and further propel the climate litigation snowball effect across the globe . Individuals or NGOs could claim several human rights violations from the African Charter drawing their connection to climate harm (as others have done before the European Court of Human Rights, for example), and/or refer to the human right to a healthy environment (Article 24 African Charter). So, could individuals or NGOs sue states before the African Court? Individuals and NGOs may sue for collective harms as per Article 5 (3) of the ACtHPR Protocol (e.g., The Nubian Community in Kenya v. Kenya 2015) and are not even required to be victims of the relevant human rights violation(s). This makes the ACtHPR a particularly attractive venue for climate litigation. Furthermore, proving the existence of a causal link between the State’s (in)action and climate change on one hand, and between climate change and the violation […]